Member of the “Lost Battalion.” His experiences as a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese during World War II. Fall of Java and capture; Bicycle Camp, Batavia, 1942; Changi Prison Camp, Singapore, 1942; building the Burma-Thailand Death Railway, 1942-44; death of his older brother; Tamarkan, Thailand, 1944; Chungkai, Thailand, 1944; railroad maintenance in Burma, 1944; Phet Buri, Thailand, 1944-45; Bangkok, 1945; liberation.