Holocaust survivor. Her experiences during the Holocaust. Anti-Semitism in Memel, Lithuania, prior to Nazi occupation; early childhood life; move to Kaunas (Kovno), 1939; Russian occupation, 1939; German occupation, 1941; establishment of Kaunas Ghetto; Die Grosse Aktion (“The Great Roundup”); escape from the Kaunas Ghetto; life as a disguised farm laborer; liberation by Russian troops, 1945; reunion with her father in Italy, 1946; lasting effects of the Holocaust experience.