Holocaust survivor. Her experiences during the Holocaust. Youth in Gelsenkirchen, Germany; pre-Nazi anti-Semitism; work and school in Berlin; Kristallnacht; job, education, and housing discrimination; deportation to the Riga (Latvia) Ghetto, 1942; life in the Riga Ghetto; transfer to concentration camp at Kaiserwald, 1943; transfer to Stutthof, Germany, 1944; separation from parents; transfer to Thorn, Germany, 1944; evacuation from Thorn; escape on January 28, 1945; liberation by Russian troops; relocation in Lodz, Poland, in April, 1945; marriage in Poland; emigration to the United States via Germany and Israel; war crimes trials.