Postal worker, Army Air Forces veteran (454th Ordnance Squadron in Savannah, GA; later to become a part of the 464th Ordnance, 27th Bomb Group, Far East Air Force), survivor of the Bataan Death March. His experiences as a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese during World War II. Fall of Bataan and capture; Bataan Death March; Camp O'Donnell, 1942; Clark Field, 1942-44; hell ship to Japan, 1944; copper mining at Hanawa, Honshu, 1944-45; liberation.

Businessman. His experiences as a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese during World War II. Japanese bombing of Clark Field, 1941; surrender at Clark Field; prison camp at Malaybalay, 1942; Davao Penal Colony, 1942-44; torpedoing of hell ship and rescue by Filipino guerrillas; evacuation by American submarine.